Point: is the place where two lines intersect.
Line: is an infinit write of a sucesion of infinit points.
Ray: it´s a line that has beggining and doesn´t have end.
Line segment: it´s a line with two endpoints.
End point: is the point where a ray or a segment line ends or starts.
Freehand: draw without any instruments of drawing.
Compass: it´s an instrument to make circles and arcs and take messures.
Length: measure of something from end to end.
Parallels: lines which never intersect themselves.
Perpendicular: two lines that when intersect, they form four right angles.
Oblique: lines that aren´t perpendiculars and parallels.
Angle: two lines that have a common point (vertex).
Right angle: angle of 90º
Obtuse angle: angle of more than 90º
Acute angle: angle of less than 90º
Flat angle: angle of 180º
Complet angle: angle of 360º
Complementary angles: two angles that form 90º
Suplementary angles: two angles that form 180º
DEFINITIONS ABOUT CIRCLES
Circle: set of points at the same distance to the center
Circumference: it's the full length of a circle. The complete distance a round a circle is the perimeter
Center: point equidistant to any of the points of a circle
Radius: it´s a line from the center and the perimeter
Diameter: line segment that goes from a point of the perimeter to another point, passing for the center of the circle
Chord: line that connects two points of the circle not through the center
Arc: segment of a circle
Arrow: segment that divides an arc in the middle. It´s the center of the chord
Tangent: line that only touch a point of a circle
Outer: element that doesn´t touch the circunference
Inner: element inside the circumference
Concentric circles: circles with different radius but place in the plane sharing the center
UNIT 2: POLYGONS
POLYGONS
3 TRIANGLE DIAGONALS
4 QUADRILATERAL REGULAR IRREGULAR SIDES
5 PENTAGON ANGLES 6 HEXAGON CONSTRUCTION ALTITUDE
7 HEPTAGON VERTICES
8 OCTAGON INSCRIBED GIVEN OTHER ITEMS
9 ENNEAGON THE SIDE
10 DECAGON
...
Star polygons: it´s a particular polygon case with a star shape, created out of linking together non consecutive vertices of a regular polygon.
Inscribe polygons: they´re polygons placed inside circles so all the vertex of the polygons.
Circumscribed polygons: they´re polygons sorrounding a circle, being its sides tangent to the circle inside.
CLASSIFICATIONS
Convex poluygons: when any line pass for 2 points of the shape.
Non-convex polygons: when one line pass through the polygon but it´s cut any parts.
Equiangular: all polygons that have angles, vertex and sides euqals.
Equilateral: all edges or sides are of the same kength.
Regular: all the vertices, angles and sides are equal.
Irregular: show different angles and length for their sides.
POLYGON PARTS
Side or edge: each of line segments that form a polygon
Vertex: the point in which two sides meet.
Diagonal: segment line that connects non consecutive vertices
Perimeter: the path around a polygon, the addition of all its sides
Center: it´s a point equidistant from all vertices
Apothem: line segment from the center to the midpoint of one of its sides.
Triangle: it´s a flat figure with three sides and three angles.
Quadrilaterals: they´re polygons with four sides and four angles.
UNIT 3: SYMMETRY
The symmetry is the quality of some shapes which some of their parts are reflections of others.
Reflection symmetry: it´s a shape´s quality which is formed by two halves facing each other with an axes or fold line in between as if both sides were mirror images of each other.
Symmetry axis: it´s a line which divides a shape into two symmetric halves. Every element of the shape is reflected on the other side and at the same distance from the axis. Symmetric points are on a perpendicular line to it.
Central symmetry: it´s the reflection of an object through a point called the symmetry center. Every symmetric point is on the other side and at the same distances from the center of symmetry. Symmetric pairs of points are collinear with the center.
Geometric symmetry: it´s a kind of symmetry which follows accurately the geometric symmetry rules.
Apparent symmetry: it´s the quality of shapes or objects which shows an obvious symmetry but not every point or element follows accurately the geometric symmetry rules. It happpens very frecuently in nature.
Symmetrical balance: it´s a way to organize parts of an image, picture or drawing, so one side duplicates or mirrors the other. The opposite way is called assymetrical balance.
UNIT 4: BASIC ELEMENTS OF VISUAL REPRESENTATION
Dot: it´s the smallest and most simple element in art expression. Its first target is to indicate a position since it doesn´t follow any direction. It may has different qualities such as size, shape and color.
Star polygons: it´s a particular polygon case with a star shape, created out of linking together non consecutive vertices of a regular polygon.
Inscribe polygons: they´re polygons placed inside circles so all the vertex of the polygons.
Circumscribed polygons: they´re polygons sorrounding a circle, being its sides tangent to the circle inside.
CLASSIFICATIONS
Convex poluygons: when any line pass for 2 points of the shape.
Non-convex polygons: when one line pass through the polygon but it´s cut any parts.
Equiangular: all polygons that have angles, vertex and sides euqals.
Equilateral: all edges or sides are of the same kength.
Regular: all the vertices, angles and sides are equal.
Irregular: show different angles and length for their sides.
POLYGON PARTS
Side or edge: each of line segments that form a polygon
Vertex: the point in which two sides meet.
Diagonal: segment line that connects non consecutive vertices
Perimeter: the path around a polygon, the addition of all its sides
Center: it´s a point equidistant from all vertices
Apothem: line segment from the center to the midpoint of one of its sides.
Triangle: it´s a flat figure with three sides and three angles.
Quadrilaterals: they´re polygons with four sides and four angles.
UNIT 3: SYMMETRY
The symmetry is the quality of some shapes which some of their parts are reflections of others.
Reflection symmetry: it´s a shape´s quality which is formed by two halves facing each other with an axes or fold line in between as if both sides were mirror images of each other.
Symmetry axis: it´s a line which divides a shape into two symmetric halves. Every element of the shape is reflected on the other side and at the same distance from the axis. Symmetric points are on a perpendicular line to it.
Central symmetry: it´s the reflection of an object through a point called the symmetry center. Every symmetric point is on the other side and at the same distances from the center of symmetry. Symmetric pairs of points are collinear with the center.
Geometric symmetry: it´s a kind of symmetry which follows accurately the geometric symmetry rules.
Apparent symmetry: it´s the quality of shapes or objects which shows an obvious symmetry but not every point or element follows accurately the geometric symmetry rules. It happpens very frecuently in nature.
Symmetrical balance: it´s a way to organize parts of an image, picture or drawing, so one side duplicates or mirrors the other. The opposite way is called assymetrical balance.
UNIT 4: BASIC ELEMENTS OF VISUAL REPRESENTATION
Dot: it´s the smallest and most simple element in art expression. Its first target is to indicate a position since it doesn´t follow any direction. It may has different qualities such as size, shape and color.
- The dot three dimensional capacity: when size, shapes and colors are changed, the dots can create visual sensations of special deepness and volume.
- The dot expressive capacity: the dot has got an unlimited capacity to represent images and to express ideas and emotions. To do so, visual effects are used.
- Optical mix: when colors are mixed with the help of distance. Paint isn´t mixed on the palette or on the painting. The optical mix was used first by pointillists.
Line: it can be defined as a dot in movement. It has position and direction in the space and one of its principal function consists on marking the shapes´outlines.
- Zigzag and broken lines: they are formed by several fragments of straight lines with directions.
- Wavy lines: they are formed by several fragments of curved lines.
- Curly lines: they hold more curves than wavy lines and show loops.
- Scribble: chactic or meaningless lines that are traced randomly, usually in first stages of childhood or to fill in some area with a particular texture.
- Hatching: it´s a way of shading or giving tones to the areas of objects or surfaces with parallel lines.
- Cross-hatching: it´s a way of shading areas of a drawing or surfaces with parallel lines in several directions.
- Dasher or dotter lines: they´re line sthat aren´t continuous, formed by little traces or dots.
- Blurred lines: they are very soft or vanished so they are hard to see and opposite to intense and deep.
- Simple lines: those that are formed by an only line.
- Composite lines: they are lines composed by fragments of several straight and curved lines.
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